In Chinese, congee is called zhou (Mandarin) or juk (Cantonese), and is usually served with a side of braised meat, century egg, and pickled vegetables. Unlike the rest of this list, congee actually comes from the Tamil word kanji, which translates to “boilings,” or the water in which rice has been cooked. “Congee” is the blanket term for Asian rice porridge or gruel usually referring to Chinese porridge. Za means “miscellaneous” while sui means “vegetables.” In the Philippines, it can also be referred to by its Fujian pronunciation, “ chap chye” (pronounced “tsap tsai”). “ Chopsuey” is the Americanized name of the Chinese stir-fried vegetable dish, za sui (Mandarin, pronounced “tsa-sway”). Chashu is also braised instead of grilled. While char siu also bears close ties with the Japanese chashu, the key difference is that chashu is made with a slab of pork belly rolled into a log, and marinated without five-spice powder or the red yeast rice. It can also be called “ cha siu,” which is the Fujian pronunciation. The Philippines has a localized version called the pork asado, but instead of being grilled, the Chinese-Filipino asado is braised or roasted in an oven. “ Char Siu” (Cantonese) or “ Cha shao” (Mandarin) is Chinese barbequed pork, usually tinted red from the red yeast rice in its marinade, along with sweeteners and five-spice powder. In the Philippines, where the Fujian dialect is also spoken, some dishes may begin with “ cha” instead of “ chao.” Some examples that use the Fujian pronunciation are chami (stir-fried thick egg noodles) and cha misua (stir-fried wheat vermicelli noodles). If encountered on a menu, items that begin with “ chao” are usually stir-fried, like chao mian (pronounced chow-miyen), which is also more popularly spelled as “ chow mein,” and chao fan or fried rice (“ fan” means rice). Some of its most popular variants include: hongcha, which literally translates to “red tea” but actually refers to black tea, wulongcha or oolong tea, molihuacha (pronounced mwoh-li-hwa-cha) or jasmine tea, and of course, naicha, or milk tea. Bao can also refer to dumplings, as in xiao long bao (soup dumplings).
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